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James the Greater Church
The James the Greater Church (Dutch: ''Jacobus de Meerderekerk'') is a Roman Catholic church, located on the Pastoor Neujeanstraat 6 in Bocholtz, Netherlands. First mentioned in the 14th century, the current church was built in 1869 by Pierre Cuypers. It was extended by Harry Koene in 1953, creating a larger choir, and adding an apse and sacristy. The building has been in continues use as a parish church for the Bocholtz saint James the Greater parish since 1873. The church holds a relic of pope Cornelius, which was subject of a yearly pilgrimage during the early and mid 20th century, and was listed as a national monument in 1967.
== History ==
The first mention of a chapel in Bocholtz dates from 1373, which was part of the parish of Simpelveld in the diocese of Liège. This chapel was built near a local guest house for pilgrims traveling between Aachen and Santiago de Compostela.〔Margry, p. 119-121〕 Archeological evidence of earlier buildings on this location was found during work on the clergy house in 1953, when the foundations were found of a single nave building dating back to the 12th century, surrounded by foundations of a larger building from the late Middle Ages.〔()〕〔http://www.rijckheyt.nl/cultureel-erfgoed/kerk-h-jacobus-de-meerdere-bocholtz〕 Mass for the people in Bocholtz was the responsibility of the parson from Simpelveld, which was a common cause for dissatisfaction. Records from 1487 describe a request for the bishop of Liege to rebuilt the chapel dedicated to James the Greater in Bocholtz, which was granted as long as mass was taken in Simpelveld.〔Van der Werf, p. 109〕 In 1559 Simpelveld and Bocholtz became part of the diocese of Roermond when Philip II of Spain reorganised the dioceses in the Netherlands.
During the 17th century the chapel came into disrepair, and was completely rebuilt from 1696-1697.〔〔Stenvert, p. 85〕 The parson from Simpelveld refused to consecrate the new chapel or give mass. In 1714 a priest from Aachen was the first to hold mass in the chapel.〔 In 1794 the Southern Netherlands were occupied by France and eventually annexated.〔 By law all priests had to take an oath of fidelity. Parson Augustinus Sougnez of Simpelveld refused to take the oath and fled to Dortmund afraid of being arrested. He returned in 1795, to find that another parson had temporarily taken his place, but had not sufficiently attended to Bocholtz. In 1794 Bocholtz had formed its own parish, the saint James the Greater parish, under parson Jean Benedictus Dautzenberg, meaning Bocholtz was no longer part of the parish of Simpelveld. In 1794 Bocholtz also became an independent municipality. In 1796 a clergy house was built north of the church, and after a long period of procedures the parish was eventually recognised in 1803, making the local chapel its parish church.〔〔http://www.sougnezstraat.nl/geschiedenis〕〔http://www.parochiesimpelveld.nl/?page_id=217〕〔(Archives of the municipality of Bocholtz, (1668) 1794-1940 (1970) ), Rijckheyt, p. 8〕
Due to population growth the old church was taken down and a new and larger parish church was built on the same location by Pierre Cuypers between 1869 and 1873.〔 The design was based on an unused design for a church in Baarlo.〔http://www.cuypersroermond.nl/landkaart.html〕 During the 19th and 20th century the population of Bocholtz increased, and the church was considered to be too small. Between 1953 and 1954 the choir was taken down and a new larger choir was built by Harry Koene, also adding an apse and sacristy.〔〔
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